Explanation

Quick Answer

Un hiato(a hiatus) is a linguistic term used to refer to a Spanish word that has two vowels in a row that are pronounced in different syllables. For example, the word caer(to fall) has two syllables: ca and er.

The word hiato shouldn’t be confused with the word diptongo(diphthong), which refers to a combination of two vowels pronounced in the same syllable. For example, pie(foot) has only one syllable.

This article focuses on hiatos(hiatuses) ending in the letter i or the letter u.

Spanish Hiatos

The word hiato (hiatus) refers to the pronunciation of a Spanish word that has two vowels in a row that are pronounced in different syllables. For example, cda(fall), tarea(homework), and cooperar(to cooperate) each contain a hiatus. There are three types of hiatus in Spanish:

TypeDefinitionExamples
Type 1A stressed weak vowel (i or u) plus an unstressed strong vowel (a, e, or o)María(Maria), púa(sharp point, pick), transnte(passerby, pedestrian)
Type 2Two strong vowels (a, e, or o) in a rowhéroe(hero), caer(to fall), anchoa(anchovy)
Type 3The same two vowels in a rowleer(to read), zoo(zoo), Abraham(Abraham)

Remember that h between vowels is silent in Spanish, so it's not pronounced in words like Abraham, azahar(orange/lemon blossom), or alcohol(alcohol).

Hiatuses are important because they determine the number and nature of the syllables of a word, which in turn will often determine whether that word is written with or without a tilde(written accent) in Spanish. Let's check out the pronunciation of some common hiatuses!

Spanish Hiatus Pronunciation

Below are examples of Spanish hiatuses. Click on the audio button to hear how they're pronounced!

HiatusPronunciationExample
ah - EEps, ahí
ah - OORl, atd
eh - EErr, vehículo
eh - OOtransnte, rma
oh - EEr, mohín
íaEE - ahdía, María
íeEE - ehríe, sonríe
íoEE - ohrío, brío
úaOO - ahcacatúa, capicúa
úeOO - ehacentúe, actúe
úoOO - ohcontinúo, búho
aeah - ehcaer, faena
aoah - ohaorta, ahora
aaah - ahazahar, portaaviones
eaeh - ahleal, quehacer
eoeh - ohleo, rehogar
eeeh - ehposeer, dehesa
oaoh - ahcgulo, almohada
oeoh - ehpoetisa, bohemio
oooh - ohzoológico, alcohol

Spanish Hiatus Accentuation

Here are a few tips to help you know when hiatuses have a written accent.

Tips for Writing Accents on Hiatuses

TipExamples
Always accent combinations of a stressed weak vowel (i or u) and an unstressed strong vowel (a, e, or o).cda(fall), hindúes(Hindus)
Always accent words stressed on the last syllable that end in n, s, or a vowel (excluding y).N(Noah), acordn(accordion), rehén(hostage)
Always accent words stressed on the penultimate syllable that end in a consonant other than n or s (including y).bóer(Boer), Sáenz(Saenz, a common surname)
Always accent words stressed on the third-to-last syllable.océano(ocean), ptico(poetic)

Accents and Weak/Strong Vowels

Words containing hiatuses usually follow normal Spanish written accent rules, but the first tip in the above table is an exception.

Funny Thing Is...

...the word hiato itself contains a diptongo, a combination of vowels that are normally pronounced in the same syllable. Hiato has two syllables, hia and to, and the vowels ia form a diphthong, not a hiatus!

Spanish Words with Hiatuses Ending with Í or Ú

Now let's take a look at some words that have hiatuses ending with ú or í!

SpanishEnglish
el arcristhe rainbow
llasyou howl
nyet
el blthe trunk
la cafnathe caffeine
la cdathe fall
crblebelievable
crsteyou believed
decdodejected
desI ignored
distrdodistracted
el egsmothe selfishness
engrdoconceited
entreI half-heard
frrto fry
el hersmothe heroism
incrbleincredible
lI read
el mzthe corn
mllahe meows
me rnoI meet
el dothe ear
rto hear
el psthe country
el parsothe paradise
un pastoa little walk
prohíboI forbid
la protnathe protein
el rlthe rail
la rzthe root
rrto laugh
la tnathe theine
un transntea passerby
vaI saw
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